Hydrogen fuel cells are lauded for their efficiency and zero-emission output, emitting only water vapor. However, their widespread adoption has been hindered by high costs and environmental concerns associated with key components. The membranes traditionally used in these cells are made from fluorinated polymers, which are environmentally persistent, and the catalysts often rely on platinum, a rare and costly metal.
SINTEF’s research has led to a significant reduction in the use of these materials. By optimizing the arrangement of platinum particles within the catalyst layer, the team achieved a 62.5% reduction in platinum content without compromising performance. This not only lowers costs but also mitigates supply chain vulnerabilities, as platinum is classified by the EU as a critical raw material due to its scarcity and geopolitical supply risks.
The newly developed membranes are not only thinner but also more environmentally friendly. Their reduced thickness contributes to lighter fuel cells, which is particularly advantageous for applications in heavy transport sectors such as maritime shipping and aviation, where weight reduction is crucial. Moreover, the use of less fluorinated material aligns with global efforts to minimize environmental pollutants.
Patrick Fortin, a researcher at SINTEF, emphasized the broader implications of this development: “By reducing the amount of platinum in the fuel cell, we’re not only helping to reduce costs, we’re also taking into account the global challenges regarding the supply of important raw materials and sustainability.”
This innovation positions SINTEF at the forefront of sustainable hydrogen fuel cell technology, offering a viable path toward more affordable and eco-friendly energy solutions.
Global Advances in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
Around the world, researchers and companies are making strides in enhancing hydrogen fuel cell technologies:
- China: Scientists at Tianjin University have developed a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with an ultra-high volumetric power density, surpassing mainstream counterparts by over 80%. This was achieved by redesigning the cell’s architecture and incorporating ultra-thin carbon nanofiber films, leading to a 90% reduction in the thickness of the membrane electrode assembly and significant performance improvements.
- South Korea: Researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) have innovated by replacing expensive iridium catalysts with iron nitride in electrolysis devices. This approach maintains performance while drastically reducing the use of precious metals, enhancing the economic feasibility of green hydrogen production.
- United Kingdom: Companies like Intelligent Energy are focusing on developing and commercializing proton-exchange membrane fuel cell technologies for various markets, including automotive and stationary power. Their efforts contribute to the diversification and advancement of fuel cell applications.
These global initiatives reflect a concerted effort to overcome the challenges associated with hydrogen fuel cells, paving the way for a more sustainable and hydrogen-powered future.
Photo: Silje Grytli Tveten
